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How many kinds of power problem?

In fact, power failure is only one of power problems; the other ones such as high voltage, low voltage, spikes, sags & surges and noises & transients would damage or shorten life span of your loads, especially some refined equipments in telecom, network, medical, traffic etc.

The common troubles of the utility power

Power troubles

Descriptions

Waveform

Possible reasons

Power failure

A zero volt for 2 cycles or more

Breaker tripped, interruption of utility power

Power surges

>110% normal voltage for one cycle or more

Turning of heavy electrical equipment

Voltage spikes

Up to 6KV within a period of 1/10000 seconds to 1/2 cycles

Lightning, power switching, arch discharge, electrostatic discharge, turning on/off of large electrical equipment

Transients

Up to 20KV within a period of a millionth to 1/10000 seconds

Lightning, power switching, arch discharge, electrostatic discharge, turning on/off of large electrical equipment

Power sags

Lower than 80%~85% normal voltage for one cycle or more

Starting up of heavy load or heavy electric machine/electrical motor

Line noise

RFI, EMI and other high frequency interferences

Electrical machine, relay, motor controlling machine, emitting of broadcasting/microwave, etc.

Frequency variation

>3 Hz frequency alternation

Unstable operation of generator, unsteady frequency of the utility power

Brownout

Lower than a certain percentage of normal voltage

Starting up & application of heavy equipment, transferring of the utility power, overloaded

Hybrid solar inverter

Pure Sine Wave Inverter

High Frequency Online UPS

Low Frequency Online UPS

Solar Charger Controller

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How many kinds of power problem?

Power troubles	Descriptions	Waveform	Possible reasons
Power failure	A zero volt for 2 cycles or more		Breaker tripped, interruption of utility power
Power surges	>110% normal voltage for one cycle or more		Turning of heavy electrical equipment
Voltage spikes	Up to 6KV within a period of 1/10000 seconds to 1/2 cycles		Lightning, power switching, arch discharge, electrostatic discharge, turning on/off of large electrical equipment
Transients	Up to 20KV within a period of a millionth to 1/10000 seconds		Lightning, power switching, arch discharge, electrostatic discharge, turning on/off of large electrical equipment
Power sags	Lower than 80%~85% normal voltage for one cycle or more		Starting up of heavy load or heavy electric machine/electrical motor
Line noise	RFI, EMI and other high frequency interferences		Electrical machine, relay, motor controlling machine, emitting of broadcasting/microwave, etc.
Frequency variation	>3 Hz frequency alternation		Unstable operation of generator, unsteady frequency of the utility power
Brownout	Lower than a certain percentage of normal voltage		Starting up & application of heavy equipment, transferring of the utility power, overloaded